Linux package management
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Apt-get
List all configured software sources
grep -r --include '*.list' '^deb ' /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.d/
List all installed packages, search wit dash '/'. Remove grep to display headers
dpkg -l | grep ii | less
Search within the package descriptions you've already downloaded to find the package that's got the feature you're looking for. REGEX (regular expressions) is expected after 'search' and any keystrokes that mean something to your command shell (e.g. [|?*] ) you'll need to quote them so that apt-cache will be able to see them instead of having the shell expand the term to a list of file names that mean something else entirely.
apt-cache search tunnel apt-cache search 'php.*sql' apt-cache search apache.\*perl apt-cache search elvis\|vim
- Display info about a package
apt-cache show gns3
- Check an available package verison in a repository
$ apt-cache policy gns3
gns3:
Installed: (none)
Candidate: 0.8.6-3ubuntu1
Version table:
0.8.6-3ubuntu1 0
500 http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/multiverse amd64 Packages
Install a specific version
sudo apt-get install ansible=<version> sudo apt-cache policy ansible #show available packages and its primary install candidate sudo apt-cache showpkg ansible #shows details about available packages including dependencies
sudo apt-cache showpkg ansible
Package: ansible
Versions:
2.0.1.0-1ppa~trusty (/var/lib/apt/lists/ppa.launchpad.net_ansible_ansible_ubuntu_dists_trusty_main_binary-amd64_Packages)
Description Language:
File: /var/lib/apt/lists/ppa.launchpad.net_ansible_ansible_ubuntu_dists_trusty_main_binary-amd64_Packages
MD5: ddfdff3530378f98f78630ce2aed5fe8
Description Language: en
File: /var/lib/apt/lists/ppa.launchpad.net_ansible_ansible_ubuntu_dists_trusty_main_i18n_Translation-en
MD5: ddfdff3530378f98f78630ce2aed5fe8
1.7.2+dfsg-1~ubuntu14.04.1 (/var/lib/apt/lists/gb.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_trusty-backports_universe_binary-amd64_Packages)
Description Language:
File: /var/lib/apt/lists/gb.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_trusty_universe_binary-amd64_Packages
MD5: db2b21b0d2286fccc4401d5982361488
1.5.4+dfsg-1 (/var/lib/apt/lists/gb.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_trusty_universe_binary-amd64_Packages)
Description Language:
File: /var/lib/apt/lists/gb.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_trusty_universe_binary-amd64_Packages
MD5: db2b21b0d2286fccc4401d5982361488
Reverse Depends:
ansible-fireball,ansible
ansible-fireball,ansible
Dependencies:
2.0.1.0-1ppa~trusty - python (0 (null)) python-support (2 0.90) python-jinja2 (0 (null)) python-yaml (0 (null)) python-paramiko (0 (null)) python-httplib2 (0 (null)) python-six (0 sshpass (0 (null))
Provides:
2.0.1.0-1ppa~trusty -
1.7.2+dfsg-1~ubuntu14.04.1 -
1.5.4+dfsg-1 -
Reverse Provides:
sudo apt-cache policy ansible
ansible:
Installed: (none)
Candidate: 2.0.1.0-1ppa~trusty
Version table:
2.0.1.0-1ppa~trusty 0
500 http://ppa.launchpad.net/ansible/ansible/ubuntu/ trusty/main amd64 Packages
1.7.2+dfsg-1~ubuntu14.04.1 0
100 http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports/universe amd64 Packages
1.5.4+dfsg-1 0
500 http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/universe amd64 Packages
Package sources management
sudo add-apt-repository http://apt.keepsolid.com/ubuntu sudo add-apt-repository --remove http://apt.keepsolid.com/ubuntu
Signed packages
Fix missing package signing key
The apt packaging system has a set of trusted keys that determine whether a package can be authenticated and therefore trusted to be installed on the system. Sometimes the system does not have all the keys it needs and runs into this issue. Fortunately, there is a quick fix. Each key that is listed as missing needs to be added to the apt key manager so that it can authenticate the packages.
Error
Error: https://apt.releases.hashicorp.com focal InRelease The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY AA16FCBCA621E701
Fix
sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys AA16FCBCA621E701 Executing: /tmp/apt-key-gpghome.qhiPACEaom/gpg.1.sh --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys AA16FCBCA621E701 gpg: key AA16FCBCA621E701: public key "HashiCorp Security (HashiCorp Package Signing) <security+packaging@hashicorp.com>" imported gpg: Total number processed: 1 gpg: imported: 1
HashiCorp missing key
# cat /etc/apt/sources.list.d/hashicorp.list deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/hashicorp-archive-keyring.gpg] https://apt.releases.hashicorp.com jammy main rm /usr/share/keyrings/hashicorp-archive-keyring.gpg curl https://apt.releases.hashicorp.com/gpg | gpg --dearmor > /tmp/hashicorp-archive-keyring.gpg sudo mv /tmp/hashicorp-archive-keyring.gpg /usr/share/keyrings/
Google-SDK
# Error GPG error: https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt cloud-sdk InRelease: The following signatures couldnt be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY B53DC80D13EDEF05 # Fix curl https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | sudo apt-key --keyring /usr/share/keyrings/cloud.google.gpg add -
Yum
It it a default package management in the following and many other RPM-based Linux distributions:
- Amazon Linux AMI
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux
- Fedora
- CentOS
Usage
System update
sudo yum update
Install package
sudo yum install nagios
Package description
$ yum info nagios Loaded plugins: priorities, update-motd, upgrade-helper Installed Packages Name : nagios Arch : x86_64 Version : 3.5.1 Release : 1.6.amzn1 Size : 5.3 M Repo : installed From repo : amzn-main Summary : Nagios monitors hosts and services and yells if somethings breaks URL : http://www.nagios.org/ License : GPLv2 Description : Nagios is a program that will monitor hosts and services on your : network. It has the ability to send email or page alerts when a : problem arises and when a problem is resolved. Nagios is written : in C and is designed to run under Linux (and some other *NIX : variants) as a background process, intermittently running checks : on various services that you specify. : : The actual service checks are performed by separate "plugin" programs : which return the status of the checks to Nagios. The plugins are : available at http://sourceforge.net/projects/nagiosplug. : : This package provides the core program, web interface, and documentation : files for Nagios. Development files are built as a separate package.
List available packages
yum list [available|installed|extras|updates|obsoletes|all|recent] [pkgspec] yum list available | less yum list available | grep package
Nala
Nala is a front-end for libapt-pkg, the interface is using the python-apt api. It takes the most of the apt-get options and it aims to show specifically what will happen with a package during install, removal, or an upgrade.
# Install ## Option 1. Ubuntu 22.04 / Debian Testing/Sid echo "deb-src https://deb.volian.org/volian/ scar main" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/volian-archive-scar-unstable.list wget -qO - https://deb.volian.org/volian/scar.key | sudo tee /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/volian-archive-scar-unstable.gpg > /dev/null sudo apt update && sudo apt install nala ## Option 2. Navigate to releases page https://gitlab.com/volian/nala/-/releases wget https://deb.volian.org/volian/pool/main/n/nala-legacy/nala-legacy_0.11.0_amd64.deb # Usage sudo nala update nala list --upgradable sudo nala upgrade Commands: autopurge Autopurge packages that are no longer needed. autoremove Autoremove packages that are no longer needed. clean Clear out the local archive of downloaded package files. fetch Fetch fast mirrors to speed up downloads. history Show transaction history. install Install packages. list List packages based on package names. purge Purge packages. remove Remove packages. search Search package names and descriptions. show Show package details. update Update package list. upgrade Update package list and upgrade the system. # Auto completion nala --install-completion bash bash completion installed in /home/vagrant/.local/share/bash-completion/completions/nala.bash Completion will take effect once you restart the terminal
Update
sudo nala update [sudo] password for piotr: Error: https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt cloud-sdk InRelease The following signatures couldn t be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY B53DC80D13EDEF05 ╭─ Updating Package List ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮ │No Change: https://apt.releases.hashicorp.com jammy InRelease │ │No Change: https://updates.signal.org/desktop/apt xenial InRelease │ │No Change: http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy InRelease │ │No Change: https://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb stable InRelease │ │Updated: http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates InRelease [114 KB] │ │Updated: http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security/universe amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [13 KB] │ │Fetched 3.6 MB in 1s (0 Bytes/s) │ ╰───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯