Linux multi window terminal Screen and Tmux

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Screen allows for multi window connection using a single ssh session. It also allows to detach from the session screen while still running a remote session.

Tmux

Sessions, windows, panes

Tmux is a so-called terminal multiplexer. Simply speaking, tmux acts as a window manager within your terminal1 and allows you to create multiple windows and panes within a single terminal window. Within one terminal window you can open multiple windows and split-views (called “panes” in tmux lingo). Each pane will contain its own, independently running terminal instance. This allows you to have multiple terminal commands and applications running visually next to each other without the need to open multiple terminal emulator windows.


The server holds sessions and the windows and panes within them:

  • session - is a set of windows, plus a notion of which window is current,there may be multiple sessions on a server,
  • window(tab) - is a single screen covered with panes, each session may have many separate windows that you can switch between
  • pane - is a rectangular part of a window that runs a specific command, e.g. a shell
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Install Tmux

Install - linux - use package manager
  • sudo apt-get install tmux
Install - Windows
Quick Start
/usr/bin/tmux

Managging sessions

tmux new -s database #start new session named 'database'
tmux ls              #lists all detached sessions
tmux attach -t 0     #attach to terminal 0 session
tmux rename-session -t 0 database
tmux switch         -t <session_name>
tmux kill-session   -t <session_name>
Key bindings
  • C^b :new<CR> new session
  • C^b $ name session
  • C^b ( previous session
  • C^b ) next session
  • C^b L 'last' (previously used) session
  • C^b s choose a session from a list

Key bindings

  • C^b c create a window aka new virtual desktop, it creates a full size window on top of your panes
  • C^b " split a pane horizontly
  • C^b % split a pane vertically
  • C^b z full screen pane resize, repeat to get back
  • C^d close a pane, also type 'exit'
  • C^b Up,Down,Left,Right arrow move to neighbouring pane
  • C^b q #index display pane numbers, then press 0..9 to move to #paneIndex
  • C^b 0-9 move to the window based on index
  • C^b [] {} swap panes [] left-right, {} up-down swap
  • C^b , rename the current window
  • C^b d detach the current session
  • C^b D gives you a choice what session you wish to detach
Screen navigation, scroll and search
Function                     vi              emacs
--------                     --              -----
Half page down               C-d             M-Down
Half page up                 C-u             M-Up
Next page                    C-f             Page down
Previous page                C-b             Page up
Scroll down                  C-Down or C-e   C-Down
Scroll up                    C-Up or C-y     C-Up
Search again                 n               n
Search again in reverse      N               N
Search backward              ?               C-r
Search forward               /               C-s

Copy-paste default mode (Emacs style)

Ctrl+b,[         # enter 'copy mode'
                 # navigate using arrows to text you want to start coping
Ctrl+Space       # start coping (highlighting)
                 # move around using arrow keys to select region
Ctrl+w or Alt+w  # copy the region into the buffer
Ctrl+b,]         # paste in a possibly different Tmux pane/window
C^b,:show-buffer # show current buffer

Tmux Resurrect

Restore tmux environment after system restart.

Tmuxinator

Create and manage tmux sessions easily.

Terminator

Terminator is user frendly, gui scalable terminal with layouts, multi windows, tabs and broadcast function 

$ sudo apt install terminator

Useful key bindings 

Alt+Arrow      Move to another terminal
C^+Shift+X     Maximise current window, press again to revert
C^+Shift+Z     Zooms the current terminal, press again to revert
C^+Shift+O     Split terminals Horizontally.
C^+Shift+E     Split terminals Vertically.
C^+Shift+Arrow Resize windows by moving parent dragbar
C^+Shift+T     Open new tab
C^+Shift+PgUp  Switch between tabs, PgDown in reverse order
C^+Shift+W     Close the current terminal.
C^+Shift+Q     Quit terminator
C^+Plus (+)    Increase  font  size. Note: this may require you to press shift, depending on your keyboard
C^+Minus(-)    Decrease font size. Note: this may require you to  press  shift
C^+Zero        Restore font size to original setting.
Super+G        Group all
Super+Shift+G  Ungroup all

Windows ComEmu

References

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