Linux Storage Management - Logical Volume Manager - LVM

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Rescan the SCSI Bus to Add a SCSI Device Without rebooting the VM

While your VM is powered on you can add the disks through Add Hardware... in Properties of Virtual Machine, the concurrent disks will be named virtual_disk-[1..2..3].vdk. In the example below I added two disks 3Gb - /dev/sdb and 4Gb - /dev/sdc

Then force to re-scan the SCSI bus, note host# is the bus number so you may need to trigger on all-buses host[0...2]

[root@vmcent7 ~]# echo "- - -" > /sys/class/scsi_host/host2/scan         #rescan disks
[root@vmcent7 ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 15.0 GB, 15032385536 bytes, 29360128 sectors
<output ommitted> 

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048      616447      307200   83  Linux
/dev/sda2          616448    29360127    14371840   8e  Linux LVM 

Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 2097 MB, 2097152000 bytes, 4096000 sectors
<output ommitted>

Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 7369 MB, 7369392128 bytes, 14393344 sectors
<output ommitted>

Disk /dev/mapper/centos-home: 5242 MB, 5242880000 bytes, 10240000 sectors
<output ommitted>

Disk /dev/sdb: 3221 MB, 3221225472 bytes, 6291456 sectors
<output ommitted>

Disk /dev/sdc: 4294 MB, 4294967296 bytes, 8388608 sectors
<output ommitted>

LVM - operation

             LV1               LV2              LV3                        LV - logical volumes of our size choice
           /     \            /    \          /     \
          /       \          /      \        /       \
                     
      [=============+=== VG - VOLUME GROUP =+=========+======]             VG - volume group - total space available aggregated with PVs (physical volumes)
                                                                                               we can slice this as we wish
                      /               |            \   
                     /                |             \
                   PV                PV              PV                    PV - physical volume - partitions added to LVM management than can be grouped
                   |                 |               |                         into volume groups
                   |                 |               |
                  sda1              sdb1           sdc1                    partitions that span throughout multiple disks

Preview LVM Disk Storage in Linux

See the Physical Volume (PV), Volume Group (VG), Logical Volume (LV) by using following commands:

# pvs 
# vgs
# lvs

Addressing logical-volumes | mapper

Using mapper path or direct vol_vg/log_vol is the same and does not affect anything.

/dev/vol_vg/log_vol
/dev/mapper/log_vol

Creating LVM Disk Storage

Current status of LVM Volume Group, with 2 raw disks sdb sdc installed but not included in any of VGs.

[piotr@vmcentos7 ~]$ sudo vgdisplay
 --- Volume group ---
 VG Name               centos          #A Volume Group name
 System ID             
 Format                lvm2            #LVM Architecture Used LVM2
 Metadata Areas        1
 Metadata Sequence No  4
 VG Access             read/write      #Volume Group is in Read and Write and ready to use
 VG Status             resizable       #Volume Group can be re-sized, expanded if needed
 MAX LV                0
 Cur LV                3               #Currently there are 3 Logical Volumes in this Volume Group
 Open LV               3
 Max PV                0
 Cur PV                1               #Currently Using Physical Disk was 1 (sda)
 Act PV                1               #and its active, so what we can use this volume group
 VG Size               13.70 GiB
 PE Size               4.00 MiB        #Physical Extends, Size for a disk can be defined using PE or GB size, 4MB is the Default PE size of LVM. 
                                       #Eg. to create 5 GB size of logical volume we can use sum of 1280
                                       #Explanation: 1024MB = 1GB, if so 1024MB x 5 = 5120PE = 5GB, Now Divide the 5120/4 = 1280, 4 is the Default PE Size
 Total PE              3508            #This Volume Group have
 Alloc PE / Size       3507 / 13.70 GiB  #Total PE Used, full PE already Used, 3507 x 4PE = 14028
 Free  PE / Size       1 / 4.00 MiB      #Only 1 PE space left
 VG UUID               k1tp1W-8l9s-7unm-vu9g-gSBi-8Mdn-eu0Fnc

Create Logical Volumes

BEFORE
[piotr@vmcentos7 ~]$ lsblk 
NAME            MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
fd0               2:0    1    4K  0 disk 
sda               8:0    0   14G  0 disk 
├─sda1            8:1    0  300M  0 part /boot
└─sda2            8:2    0 13.7G  0 part 
  ├─centos-swap 253:0    0    2G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
  ├─centos-root 253:1    0  6.9G  0 lvm  /
  └─centos-home 253:2    0  4.9G  0 lvm  /home
sdb               8:16   0    3G  0 disk 
sdc               8:32   0    4G  0 disk 
sr0              11:0    1  6.6G  0 rom  
sudo pvs
  PV         VG     Fmt  Attr PSize  PFree
  /dev/sda2  centos lvm2 a--  13.70g 4.00m


Create PVs by adding un-mounted disk or partition | Physical Volumes

PVs from sdb and sdc crated

[piotr@vmcentos7 ~]$ sudo pvcreate /dev/sdb /dev/sdc
  Physical volume "/dev/sdb" successfully created
  Physical volume "/dev/sdc" successfully created

We can see that both disks have been added to LVM manager, they do not belong to any Volume Group.

[piotr@vmcentos7 ~]$ sudo pvs
  PV         VG     Fmt  Attr PSize  PFree
  /dev/sda2  centos lvm2 a--  13.70g 4.00m 
  /dev/sdb          lvm2 a--   3.00g 3.00g
  /dev/sdc          lvm2 a--   4.00g 4.00g


Create VGs | Volume Group

We add now both physical volumes to the Volume Group

[piotr@vmcentos7 ~]$ sudo vgcreate vg1 /dev/sdb /dev/sdc
  Volume group "vg1" successfully created
[piotr@vmcentos7 ~]$ sudo pvs
  PV         VG     Fmt  Attr PSize  PFree
  /dev/sda2  centos lvm2 a--  13.70g 4.00m
  /dev/sdb   vg1    lvm2 a--   3.00g 3.00g    #this PV belongs now to vg1 Volume Group
  /dev/sdc   vg1    lvm2 a--   4.00g 4.00g    #this PV belongs now to vg1 Volume Groqup
[piotr@vmcentos7 ~]$ sudo vgs
  VG     #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize  VFree
  centos   1   3   0 wz--n- 13.70g 4.00m
  vg1      2   0   0 wz--n-  6.99g 6.99g       #newly created Volume Group name vg1 with combined available space 6.99Gb


Create LVs | Logical Volume(s)

We create Logical Volume of size 5GB named 'data' using space in Volume Group vg1. The available space in vg1 will decrease.

[piotr@vmcentos7 ~]$ sudo lvcreate --size 5G --name data vg1
  Logical volume "data" created
[piotr@vmcentos7 ~]$ sudo lvs
 LV   VG     Attr       LSize Pool Origin Data%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
 home centos -wi-ao---- 4.88g                                             
 root centos -wi-ao---- 6.86g                                             
 swap centos -wi-ao---- 1.95g                                             
 data vg1    -wi-a----- 5.00g                                             
[piotr@vmcentos7 ~]$ sudo vgs
  VG     #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize  VFree
  centos   1   3   0 wz--n- 13.70g 4.00m
  vg1      2   1   0 wz--n-  6.99g 1.99g    #VG available space decreased from 6.99Gb to 1.99Gb used 5G for LV named 'data'
[piotr@vmcentos7 ~]$ sudo pvs
  PV         VG     Fmt  Attr PSize  PFree
  /dev/sda2  centos lvm2 a--  13.70g 4.00m
  /dev/sdb   vg1    lvm2 a--   3.00g 1.99g
  /dev/sdc   vg1    lvm2 a--   4.00g    0   #LV named 'data' spanned beggining from sdc consuming all disk (PFree=0) space to partialy taking sdb space

Please see the differences when first LV has been added to Volume Group. This is not example from the above.

Volume Group changes when Logical Volume ha s been added

Create mounting filesystem | format and mount

sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/data-lv # typical path to LV volumes
sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg1/data       # crate/format ext4 filesystem on LV 'data' logical-volume
mkdir /mnt/data     # create a mount point
mount /path/to/lv   /path/to/dir
mount /dev/vg1/data /mnt/data
# Add mount information to /etc/fstab
UUID=UUID_NUMBER /mount/point fs_type defaults 0 0

[piotr@vmcentos7 ~]$ df -Th # BEFORE
Filesystem              Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs       6.9G  1.2G  5.8G  17% /
devtmpfs                devtmpfs  909M     0  909M   0% /dev
tmpfs                   tmpfs     918M     0  918M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                   tmpfs     918M  8.6M  909M   1% /run
tmpfs                   tmpfs     918M     0  918M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1               ext2      291M  120M  153M  44% /boot
/dev/mapper/centos-home ext4      4.7G   20M  4.5G   1% /home
/dev/mapper/vg1-data    ext4      4.8G   20M  4.6G   1% /mnt/data             #LV data has been mounted

[piotr@vmcentos7 ~]$ lsblk  # AFTER
NAME            MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
fd0               2:0    1    4K  0 disk 
sda               8:0    0   14G  0 disk 
├─sda1            8:1    0  300M  0 part /boot
└─sda2            8:2    0 13.7G  0 part

Increase the size of a Linux LVM by adding a new disk

This steps treat about extending LV by adding additional physical disk. All these steps are correct for Ubuntu 16.04

This is how it looks like before any changes just after insatlling /dev/sdb physical disk. List block devices

$ sudo lsblk 
NAME                MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda                   8:0    0 238.5G  0 disk 
├─sda1                8:1    0   487M  0 part /boot
├─sda2                8:2    0     1K  0 part 
└─sda5                8:5    0   238G  0 part 
  ├─this--vg-root   252:0    0   222G  0 lvm  /
  └─this--vg-swap_1 252:1    0  15.9G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
sdb                   8:16   0 465.8G  0 disk 


Convert whole physical disk into PV volume

$ sudo pvcreate /dev/sdb
  Physical volume "/dev/sdb" successfully created


Verify available PV volumes on the system. We can see new 465.76g disk added.

$ sudo pvs
  PV         VG      Fmt  Attr PSize   PFree  
  /dev/sda5  this-vg lvm2 a--  238.00g  48.00m
  /dev/sdb           lvm2 ---  465.76g 465.76g


Verify available LV volumes on the system. The current size of root LV (Logica Volume) is 222.04g.

$ sudo lvs
  LV     VG      Attr       LSize   Pool Origin Data%  Meta%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
  root   this-vg -wi-ao---- 222.04g                                                    
  swap_1 this-vg -wi-ao----  15.91g                 


Extend VG (Volume Group) named "this-vg" by adding whole new PV disk /dev/sdb. Remember this will not extend the filesystem size. Think of it that extra disk has been added to the disks pool .

$ sudo vgextend this-vg /dev/sdb
  Volume group "this-vg" successfully extended


Verify that VG group has been extended. The output has been sanitised of unnecessary lines.

$ sudo vgdisplay 
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               this-vg
  Format                lvm2
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  Cur LV                2
  Open LV               2
  Cur PV                2
  Act PV                2
  VG Size               703.75 GiB # sum of PVs: /dev/sdb (465.8G) + /dev/sda5 (238.00g)
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              180161
  Alloc PE / Size       60915 / 237.95 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       119246 / 465.80 GiB


Extend LV (Logical Volume) partition by adding whole the new PV disk. The filesystem won't get extended yet. Think of it as "unused space" not claimed by a filesystem yet.

$ sudo lvextend /dev/this-vg/root /dev/sdb
  Size of logical volume this-vg/root changed from 222.04 GiB (56843 extents) to 687.80 GiB (176077 extents).
  Logical volume root successfully resized.
# Example: add specified size
$ sudo lvextend -L +500M /dev/vol_grp/log_vol

Extend the filesystem

$ sudo umount    /dev/this-vg/root
# Run filesystem check
e2fsck -f /dev/this-vg/root

# Resize 'root' logical-volume
$ sudo resize2fs /dev/this-vg/root
resize2fs 1.42.13 (17-May-2015)
Filesystem at /dev/this-vg/root is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 14, new_desc_blocks = 43
The filesystem on /dev/this-vg/root is now 180302848 (4k) blocks long.


Now we can see that /dev/mapper/this--vg-root filesystem is 677G in size.

piotr@linux:~$ df -h
Filesystem                 Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev                       7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /dev
tmpfs                      1.6G  9.5M  1.6G   1% /run
/dev/mapper/this--vg-root  677G  120G  528G  19% /
tmpfs                      7.8G   23M  7.8G   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                      5.0M  4.0K  5.0M   1% /run/lock
tmpfs                      7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1                  472M  206M  242M  46% /boot
tmpfs                      1.6G   44K  1.6G   1% /run/user/1000

Troubleshooting

Check whether LVM service starts at the boot if not then LVs will not be recognised.

chkconfig -a boot.lvm           #SysV services
systemctl                       #systemd services, used in CentOS 7
systemctl list-unit-files

The LVs should be permanently added to /ect/fstab so will be mounted at the boot or with mount -a command.

LVM - increase swap space in Linux

I would like to demonstrate how to increase swap space in Linux VM without a reboot by adding SCSI disk then using LVM to present to OS.

At first add new SCSI disk using your favourite Hypervisor Management system (etc. VMM FOCM)

Information gathering

Gather information about the current block devices lsblk -f

Preview current LVM configuration pvs; vgs; lvs

Discover LVM physical volumes pvscan

Partition new disk

Create a single partition spanning on whole disk

fdisk /dev/sdd  #n - new partition, p - primary, 
                #1 - first partition, defaults to use all disk, w - write to partition table

Re-discover LVM volumes

pvscan

Create PV Physical Volume

The following command initializes /dev/sdd1 for use as LVM physical volumes

pvcreate /dev/sdd1

Add new partition to existing VG volume group

vgextend vg00 /dev/sdd1   

Create logical volume

lvcreate -L 5G -n swap2.vol vg00 #creates 5Gb logical volume in vg00 volume group
lvcreate -L 5G -n swap2.vol vg00 /dev/sdd1 #creates logical volume using a specific PV /dev/sdd1
lvcreate -l 100%FREE -n swap2.vol vg00 /dev/sdd1 #creates logical volume using 100% of free space of a specific PV

Format the disk partition as swap

mkswap /dev/mapper/vg00-swap2.vol  swapon -s

Add to swappable pool space

swapon /dev/mapper/vg00-swap2.vol

List swappable pool space to verify

swapon -s

Add disk to be auto-mounted

Backup fstab automount

cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab.bak

Automatically mount during boot by adding one of the lines below

vi /etc/fstab

UUID=###################### swap      swap      defaults      0 0
or
/dev/mapper/vg00-swap2.vol  swap      swap      defaults      0 0

Reboot, it can take around ~5 minutes if SELinux needs audit resources.

Partitions / Raid / LVM etc

Disk Commands

  • df -h - shows disk space
  • sudo fdisk -l - shows hard drive partitions
  • ls -l /dev/sd* - SHOWS ALL DRIVES
  • cat /proc/mdstat - SHOWS LINUX RAID DRIVES IN USE
  • pvdisplay - SHOWS PHYSICAL VOLUMES
  • lvdisplay - SHOW LOGICAL VOLUM DISPLAY

Provisioning Filesystems (Extra Storage)

Provision storage while sudoserver is online.

  • fdisk -l - reveals connected disks and partitions
  • df -h - shows amount of memory used
  • /dev/sdb - unpartitioned
  • mklabel - type MSDOs - if needed.
  • sudo parted - partition tool
  • select /dev/sdb - selects disk -
  • mkpart primary 1 10GB - 10GB partition
  • print - shows disks in parted
  • quit - to leave parted
  • mke2fs - overlay filesystem on new partition.
  • mke2fs -t ext4 -j /dev/sdb1 - creates file system.

or

  • sudo mkfs.ext4 -j /dev/sdb1/ - same as above.
  • mount /dev/sdb1 /projectx/10gb. - create mount point
  • mount - shows all system mounts.
  • sudo blkid - shows partition uuid for stab.
  • sudo nano /etc/fstab - edits stab. UUID="number" /projectx/10GB ext4 defaults - stores in fstab.

Provision SWAP storage on demand

Ability for kernel to extend RAM via disk.

  • free -m - determines current stare of storage.
  • top - also shows SWAP info.
  • sudo fdisk -l - to identify partition space
  • parted /dev/sdb - places in context of /dev/sdv/
  • print - to show partition table.
  • mkpart primary linux-swap 10GB 12GB starting from the 10GB first block moving up.
  • set 2 swap on - turns partitions to swap and on.
  • sudo fdisk -l /dev/sdb - confirms swap allocation.
  • sudo mkswap /dev/sdb2 - overlays SWAP filesystem and displays UUID (FSTAB)
  • sudo blkid - shows all UUID's
  • sudo nano /etc/fstab - opens stab for editing for SWAP reference using UUID.
  • UUID "" NONE swap sw 0 0 - for nano file.
  • swap on -s - displays current swap situation
  • sudo swap on -a - turns on swap storage.
  • free -m || top || swapon -s - to confirm configuration.

Extend Swap in Ubuntu

Tested in Ubuntu Desktop 20.04, live.


Note: Consider an alternative location for the swap file in /var/cache/swap/swapfile with permissions 0600.

# Verify current swap size. This shows a sum of all swaps types available for the OS.
free -h
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           15Gi        11Gi       750Mi       1.3Gi       3.2Gi       2.4Gi
Swap:         2.0Gi       1.6Gi       376Mi

# Show all swap spaces files and partitions
swapon -s
Filename				Type		Size	Used	Priority
/swapfile                              	file    	2097148	1704924	-2

# In this example it is a file based swap
ls -l /swapfile 
-rw------- 1 root root 2147483648 Jul 18  2020 /swapfile

# Disable swap before manipulating
sudo swapoff -a # switch off using swapfile

# Provision bigger swap 'dummy file'
sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1M count=8192
8192+0 records in
8192+0 records out
8589934592 bytes (8.6 GB, 8.0 GiB) copied, 26.5438 s, 324 MB/s

# Turn the file into swap filesystem
sudo mkswap /swapfile
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 8 GiB (8589930496 bytes)
no label, UUID=a491769b-e088-4a21-8a88-94e001f9f54c

# Enable swap space
sudo swapon /swapfile # or use -a flag to enable all swap spaces eg. if multiple files are in use

# List the swap size
sudo swapon /swapfile -s
Filename				Type		Size	Used	Priority
/swapfile                              	file    	8388604	58624	-2

# Optional adjust fstabs
sudo vi /etc/fstab
/swapfile none swap sw 0 0

Storage Management LVM (Logical Volume Management)

Volume sets based on various disparate storage technologies.

Common configuration - raid hardware (redundancy) / LVM overlaying RAID config (aggregation)

Ability to extend, reduce, manipulate storage on demand.

LVM storage hierarchy:

Volume Group (Consists of 1 or more physical volumes)

  • Logical Volume(s)
  • File System(s)

6 steps to LVM setup

Appropirate 1 or more LVM partitions

sudo parted /dev/sdb
(parted) mkpart extended 13GB 20GB
(parted) print
(parted) mkpart logical lvm 13GB 20GB
(parted) select /dev/sdc/
(parted) mklabel msdos
(parted) mkpart primary 1GB 20GB
(parted) set 1 lvm on
(parted) print
20GB on SDC and 7GB on SDB

Partition

  • sudo pvcreate /dev/sdb5 /dev/sdc1 - allocates LVM partitions as physical volumes
  • sudo pvdisplay - shows LVM physical volumes.
  • sudo vgcreate volgroup001 /dev/sdb5 /dev/sdc1 - aggregates volumes to volume group
  • sudo lvcreate -L 200GB volgroup001 -n logvol001 - creates logical volumes
  • sudo lvdisplay - shows logical volumes
  • sudo mk3fs -t ext -j /dev/volgroup001/logvol001 - overlays EXT4 filesytem.
  • Mount filesystem and commit changes to fstab

LVM related tasks

  1. sudo lvrename volgroup001 logvol001 volgroup002 - renames volume group. (Remember to edit fstab file or unmount)
  2. sudo lvresize -L 25GB /dev/volgroup001/logvolvar - Resize logical volume by 5GB from 20GB
  3. sudo resize2fs /dev/mapper/volgroup001-logvolvar 25G - Resize filesystem after increasing memory.
  4. sudo lvremove /dev/volgroup001/logvolvar - Remove volume completely. (Umount first)
  5. sudo parted /dev/sdc - Add or assign more partitions to volume group LVM.
  6. print
  7. mkpart primary 20GB 25GB
  8. print
  9. set 2 lvm on
  10. print
  11. sudo pvcreate /dev/sdc2
  12. sudo pvdisplay
  13. sudo vgextend volgroup001 /dev/sdc2 - add new PV to volume group

Shrink LVM volume

ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo -i
root@ubuntu:~# lsblk -f
NAME          FSTYPE      LABEL       UUID                                   FSAVAIL FSUSE% MOUNTPOINT
loop0         squashfs                                                             0   100% /rofs
loop1         squashfs                                                             0   100% /snap/core18/2128
loop2         squashfs                                                             0   100% /snap/gnome-3-34-1804/72
loop3         squashfs                                                             0   100% /snap/gtk-common-themes/1515
loop4         squashfs                                                             0   100% /snap/snapd/12704
loop5         squashfs                                                             0   100% /snap/snap-store/547
sda                                                                                         
└─sda1        vfat        UBUNTU 20_0 70A4-0BA4                                 4.6G    38% /cdrom
nvme0n1                                                                                     
├─nvme0n1p1   vfat                    37A4-7AB6                                             
└─nvme0n1p2   LVM2_member             E6W8Ty-ZE50-Y4g1-2h4m-hQT9-Cz2j-JZojI9                
  ├─vgubuntu-root
  │           ext4                    1904342e-d7a4-4921-b8f6-a2baab75b743                  
  └─vgubuntu-swap_1
              swap                    123e6bb3-c345-44a9-817e-4d47c1db3684 

root@ubuntu:~# pvs
  PV             VG       Fmt  Attr PSize   PFree 
  /dev/nvme0n1p2 vgubuntu lvm2 a--  237.97g 24.00m
root@ubuntu:~# vgs
  VG       #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize   VFree 
  vgubuntu   1   2   0 wz--n- 237.97g 24.00m
root@ubuntu:~# lvs
  LV     VG       Attr       LSize    Pool Origin Data%  Meta%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
  root   vgubuntu -wi-a----- <237.00g                                                    
  swap_1 vgubuntu -wi-a-----  976.00m

e2fsck -fy /dev/vgubuntu/root  # /dev/vg/lv
e2fsck 1.45.5 (07-Jan-2020)
Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
Pass 2: Checking directory structure
Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
Pass 5: Checking group summary information
/dev/vgubuntu/root: 300174/15532032 files (3.1% non-contiguous), 6677301/62127104 blocks

resize2fs /dev/vgubuntu/root 220G
resize2fs 1.45.5 (07-Jan-2020)
Resizing the filesystem on /dev/vgubuntu/root to 57671680 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/vgubuntu/root is now 57671680 (4k) blocks long.

root@ubuntu:~# lvreduce -L -15G /dev/vgubuntu/root 
  WARNING: Reducing active logical volume to <222.00 GiB.
  THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.)
Do you really want to reduce vgubuntu/root? [y/n]: y
  Size of logical volume vgubuntu/root changed from <237.00 GiB (60671 extents) to <222.00 GiB (56831 extents).
  Logical volume vgubuntu/root successfully resized.

# Resize the filesystem to full size of the lv volume
root@ubuntu:~# resize2fs /dev/vgubuntu/root
resize2fs 1.45.5 (07-Jan-2020)
Resizing the filesystem on /dev/vgubuntu/root to 58194944 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/vgubuntu/root is now 58194944 (4k) blocks long.

# Resize swap partition
root@ubuntu:~# pvs
  PV             VG       Fmt  Attr PSize   PFree 
  /dev/nvme0n1p2 vgubuntu lvm2 a--  237.97g 15.02g
root@ubuntu:~# vgs
  VG       #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize   VFree 
  vgubuntu   1   2   0 wz--n- 237.97g 15.02g
root@ubuntu:~# lvs
  LV     VG       Attr       LSize    Pool Origin Data%  Meta%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
  root   vgubuntu -wi-a----- <222.00g                                                    
  swap_1 vgubuntu -wi-a-----  976.00m                                                    
root@ubuntu:~# lvextend -L +15G /dev/vgubuntu/swap_1 
  Size of logical volume vgubuntu/swap_1 changed from 976.00 MiB (244 extents) to 15.95 GiB (4084 extents).
  Logical volume vgubuntu/swap_1 successfully resized.

root@ubuntu:~# pvs;vgs;lvs
  PV             VG       Fmt  Attr PSize   PFree 
  /dev/nvme0n1p2 vgubuntu lvm2 a--  237.97g 24.00m
  VG       #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize   VFree 
  vgubuntu   1   2   0 wz--n- 237.97g 24.00m
  LV     VG       Attr       LSize    Pool Origin Data%  Meta%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
  root   vgubuntu -wi-a----- <222.00g                                                    
  swap_1 vgubuntu -wi-a-----   15.95g

Reboot or mount root lvm to verify

References